利用驱动程序读取BIOS

  用BIOS的内容作为硬标记进行加密，应用程序可以通过检测bios的特定内容，如主板日期、厂家信息等。如果符合要求，就让程序正常运行；如不符合要求，就判断为盗版，禁止运行。这样可以

起到一定的加密锁的作用。
     如何得到bios的内容呢？我们已经通过驱动程序进入ring0,在ring0中是无所不能的，有一个简单的函数，可以帮助我们达到目的。它就是MmMapIoSpace函数，在DDK文档中看到该函数的说明如下

:
PVOID MmMapIoSpace(
IN PHYSICAL_ADDRESS PhysicalAddress,
IN ULONG NumberOfBytes,
IN MEMORY_CACHING_TYPE CacheType );
在Masm32v8中声明的有4个形参
MmMapIoSpace    proto stdcall :DWORD, :DWORD, :DWORD, :DWORD
为什么参数个数会有不同呢？
原因是MmMapIoSpace第一个参数传递的是一个结构而非结构的指针，而该结构实际的大小是 2 个双字，结果在masm32中表现为总共4个 dword 参数。
调用非常简单，invoke MmMapIoSpace,物理地址低32位,0,长度,MmNonCached
若成功该函数返回影射后的线性地址，否则返回NULL。这样就可以间接达到读取物理地址中内容的目的。

bios开始地址在实模式下是F000:0，也就是0f0000h，长度是64k,也就是10000h
这样我们就可以用一句 invoke MmMapIoSpace,0f0000h,0,64*1024,MmNonCached ;把BIOS的物理地址映射为线性地址，返回值在eax中。
然后把eax指向的线性地址中的内容复制到系统的缓冲区中，让驱动程序传给ring3下的应用程序。
bios_test.bat是驱动源码。
bios_test.asm是调用驱动的ring3级程序，它把驱动传回的bios内容写入文件bios_tst.bin,是16进制的，可以用16进制编辑器来查看。
实际使用时，可以传递一个随机的密钥给驱动程序，驱动程序负责把bios内容加密后返回，这样可以一定程度上增加解密的难度。程序中已经预留了接口，实现起来很简单，有兴趣者可以自己实现。

以下是程序源代码：已在xp和vista下调试通过。

;goto make
;文件名bios_test.bat 作者：盛玉增 2009年10月20日用masm32v8和kmdkit1.8在winxp及vista下调试成功。
.386
.model flat, stdcall
option casemap:none
include \masm32\include\w2k\ntstatus.inc
include \masm32\include\w2k\ntddk.inc
include \masm32\include\w2k\ntoskrnl.inc
includelib \masm32\lib\w2k\ntoskrnl.lib
include \masm32\Macros\Strings.mac

IOCTL_GET_INFO equ CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 800h, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_READ_ACCESS + FILE_WRITE_ACCESS)


.const
CCOUNTED_UNICODE_STRING    "\\Device\\bios_test", g_usDeviceName, 4
CCOUNTED_UNICODE_STRING    "\\??\\bios_test", g_usSymbolicLinkName, 4


.data
buff1  db 128*512 dup (0f6h) ;
key_1  db 32 dup (0) ;


.code

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
;                                   DispatchCreateClose                                            
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

DispatchCreateClose proc pDeviceObject:PDEVICE_OBJECT, pIrp:PIRP

    ; CreateFile was called, to get driver handle
    ; CloseHandle was called, to close driver handle
    ; In both cases we are in user process context here

    mov eax, pIrp
    assume eax:ptr _IRP
    mov [eax].IoStatus.Status, STATUS_SUCCESS
    and [eax].IoStatus.Information, 0
    assume eax:nothing

    fastcall IofCompleteRequest, pIrp, IO_NO_INCREMENT

    mov eax, STATUS_SUCCESS
    ret

DispatchCreateClose endp

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
;                                     DispatchControl                                              
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

DispatchControl proc uses esi edi pDeviceObject:PDEVICE_OBJECT, pIrp:PIRP

local status:NTSTATUS
local dwBytesReturned:DWORD    ;实际返回的字节数

    and dwBytesReturned, 0

    mov esi, pIrp
    assume esi:ptr _IRP

    IoGetCurrentIrpStackLocation esi
    mov edi, eax
    assume edi:ptr IO_STACK_LOCATION

    .if [edi].Parameters.DeviceIoControl.IoControlCode == IOCTL_GET_INFO
        .if [edi].Parameters.DeviceIoControl.OutputBufferLength >= 30

            mov eax, [esi].AssociatedIrp.SystemBuffer
                      
                       pushad
                       push eax
                       mov esi,eax
                       mov ecx,30
                       mov edi,offset key_1
                       cld
                       rep movsb  ;保存传过来的数据到key_1,以备做密钥，加密数据后返回。
                      

                      invoke MmMapIoSpace,0f0000h,0,64*1024,MmNonCached ;物理地址映射为线性地址，返回值在eax
                      cmp eax,0   ;eax==0,失败
                      jnz   next_1
                      jmp next_2
            next_1:    
                        mov esi,eax
                        pop edi
                        mov ecx,10000h
                        rep movsb
                        popad

            mov dwBytesReturned, 128*512
            mov status, STATUS_SUCCESS
            jmp next_3
            next_2:pop eax
                   popad
                   mov status, STATUS_INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST
            next_3:
        .else
            mov status, STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL
        .endif
    .else
        mov status, STATUS_INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST
    .endif

    assume edi:nothing

    push status
    pop [esi].IoStatus.Status

    push dwBytesReturned
    pop [esi].IoStatus.Information

    assume esi:nothing

    fastcall IofCompleteRequest, esi, IO_NO_INCREMENT

    mov eax, status
    ret

DispatchControl endp

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
;                                       DriverUnload                                                
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

DriverUnload proc pDriverObject:PDRIVER_OBJECT

    ; ControlService,,SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP was called
    ; We are in System process (pid = 8) context here

    invoke IoDeleteSymbolicLink, addr g_usSymbolicLinkName

    mov eax, pDriverObject
    invoke IoDeleteDevice, (DRIVER_OBJECT PTR [eax]).DeviceObject

    ret

DriverUnload endp

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
;                              D I S C A R D A B L E   C O D E                                      
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

.code INIT

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
;                                       DriverEntry                                                
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

DriverEntry proc pDriverObject:PDRIVER_OBJECT, pusRegistryPath:PUNICODE_STRING

    ; StartService was called
    ; We are in System process (pid = 8) context here

local status:NTSTATUS
local pDeviceObject:PDEVICE_OBJECT

    mov status, STATUS_DEVICE_CONFIGURATION_ERROR

    invoke IoCreateDevice, pDriverObject, 0, addr g_usDeviceName, FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0, FALSE, addr pDeviceObject
    .if eax == STATUS_SUCCESS
        invoke IoCreateSymbolicLink, addr g_usSymbolicLinkName, addr g_usDeviceName
        .if eax == STATUS_SUCCESS
            mov eax, pDriverObject
            assume eax:ptr DRIVER_OBJECT
            mov [eax].MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CREATE*(sizeof PVOID)],            offset DispatchCreateClose
            mov [eax].MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CLOSE*(sizeof PVOID)],            offset DispatchCreateClose
            mov [eax].MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL*(sizeof PVOID)],    offset DispatchControl
            mov [eax].DriverUnload,offset DriverUnload
            assume eax:nothing
            mov status, STATUS_SUCCESS
        .else
            invoke IoDeleteDevice, pDeviceObject
        .endif
    .endif

    mov eax, status
    ret

DriverEntry endp

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
;                                                                                                  
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

end DriverEntry

:make

set drv=bios_test

\masm32\bin\ml /nologo /c /coff %drv%.bat
\masm32\bin\link /nologo /driver /base:0x10000 /align:32 /out:%drv%.sys /subsystem:native /ignore:4078 %drv%.obj

del %drv%.obj

pause




;文件名bios_test.asm 作者：盛玉增 2009年10月20日用masm32v8和kmdkit1.8在WinXP及vista下调试成功

;在winxp下用驱动程序读取bios
.386
.model flat, stdcall
option casemap:none

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
;                                  I N C L U D E   F I L E S                                        
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

include \masm32\include\windows.inc

include \masm32\include\kernel32.inc
include \masm32\include\user32.inc
include \masm32\include\advapi32.inc

includelib \masm32\lib\kernel32.lib
includelib \masm32\lib\user32.lib
includelib \masm32\lib\advapi32.lib

include \masm32\include\winioctl.inc

include \masm32\Macros\Strings.mac

IOCTL_GET_INFO equ CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 800h, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_READ_ACCESS + FILE_WRITE_ACCESS)
; Macro definition for defining IOCTL and FSCTL function control codes.  Note
; that function codes 0-2047 are reserved for Microsoft Corporation, and
; 2048-4095 are reserved for customers.
;CTL_CODE MACRO DeviceType:=<0>, Function:=<0>, Method:=<0>, Access:=<0>
;    EXITM %(((DeviceType) SHL 16) OR ((Access) SHL 14) OR ((Function) SHL 2) OR (Method))
;ENDM


.const
.data
sysname db "bios_test.sys",0     ;驱动程序名
device db "bios_test",0
driver db "bios_test Driver",0
abyInBuffer db 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,111,128,128,180,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16;传输试验数据用
abyOutBuffer db 128*512 dup(0)   ;用于存放驱动传回的64kbios数据
name_buffer db 'bios_tst.bin',0  ;读取的bios数据保存到bios_tst.bin
ok_1 db "读取成功，请查看bios_tst.bin",0
dwBytesReturned dd 0
.data?
hFile HANDLE ?        ;文件句柄
SizeReadWrite DWORD ? ;文件中实际写入的字节数
.code

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
;                                       start                                                      
;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

start proc uses esi edi

local hSCManager:HANDLE
local hService:HANDLE
local acModulePath[MAX_PATH]:CHAR
local _ss:SERVICE_STATUS
local hDevice:HANDLE

local acVersion[16]:CHAR

    ; Open a handle to the SC Manager database
    invoke OpenSCManager, NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS
    .if eax != NULL
        mov hSCManager, eax

        ;invoke GetCurrentDirectory, sizeof g_acBuffer, addr g_acBuffer
        push eax
        invoke GetFullPathName, addr sysname, sizeof acModulePath, addr acModulePath, esp
        pop eax

        ; Install service
        invoke CreateService, hSCManager, addr device, addr driver, \
            SERVICE_START + SERVICE_STOP + DELETE, SERVICE_KERNEL_DRIVER, SERVICE_DEMAND_START, \
            SERVICE_ERROR_IGNORE, addr acModulePath, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL

        .if eax != NULL
            mov hService, eax

            ; Driver's DriverEntry procedure will be called
            invoke StartService, hService, 0, NULL
            .if eax != 0

                ; Driver will receive I/O request packet (IRP) of type IRP_MJ_CREATE
                invoke CreateFile, $CTA0("\\\\.\\bios_test"), GENERIC_READ + GENERIC_WRITE, \
                                0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL

                .if eax != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
                    mov hDevice, eax

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

                    ; Driver will receive IRP of type IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL
                    invoke DeviceIoControl, hDevice, IOCTL_GET_INFO, addr abyInBuffer, sizeof abyInBuffer, addr abyOutBuffer, sizeof abyOutBuffer, addr dwBytesReturned, NULL

                    .if ( eax != 0 ) && ( dwBytesReturned != 0 )

                      
                        invoke MessageBox, NULL, addr ok_1, $CTA0("bios_test"), MB_OK + MB_ICONINFORMATION

                       invoke CreateFile,ADDR name_buffer,\
             GENERIC_READ or GENERIC_WRITE ,\
             FILE_SHARE_READ or FILE_SHARE_WRITE,\
             NULL,CREATE_ALWAYS,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE,\
             NULL
    mov hFile,eax
    invoke WriteFile,hFile,ADDR abyOutBuffer,128*512,\
             ADDR SizeReadWrite,NULL
    invoke CloseHandle,hFile

                    tt_3:    
                    .else
                        invoke MessageBox, NULL, $CTA0("发送控制失败."), NULL, MB_OK + MB_ICONSTOP
                    .endif

;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

                    
                    invoke CloseHandle, hDevice  ; Driver will received IRP of type IRP_MJ_CLOSE
                .else
                    invoke MessageBox, NULL, $CTA0("Device is not present."), NULL, MB_ICONSTOP
                .endif
                
                invoke ControlService, hService, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, addr _ss
                                        ; DriverUnload proc in our driver will be called
            .else
                invoke MessageBox, NULL, $CTA0("Can't start driver."), NULL, MB_OK + MB_ICONSTOP
            .endif

            invoke DeleteService, hService
            invoke CloseServiceHandle, hService
        .else
            invoke MessageBox, NULL, $CTA0("Can't register driver."), NULL, MB_OK + MB_ICONSTOP
        .endif
        invoke CloseServiceHandle, hSCManager
    .else
        invoke MessageBox, NULL, $CTA0("Can't connect to Service Control Manager."), NULL, MB_OK + MB_ICONSTOP
    .endif

    invoke ExitProcess, 0

start endp

end start

这里读取的bios是经过启动过程初始化后的内容，并不是主板上的bios闪存芯片内的内容，芯片内一般是压缩的，启动过程中自己解压。

通过查看得到的bios_tst.bin,发现有的机器用本程序读出的bios里面有本机的硬盘和光驱型号，这说明bios在启动的过程中，被写入了当前机器的一些信息。机器配置变了，这部分内容也会相应变化，使用bios加密时尽量不要用可变的部分，防止用户换个光驱后被判为盗版软件。